案例1 Docker安装MySQL
MySQL 是开源的关系数据库实现。
该仓库位于 https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/ ，提供了 MySQL 5.5 ~ 8.x 各个版本的镜像
1、docker search mysql 命令来查看可用版本：
[root@Base ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11876 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4540 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 888 [OK]
percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 566 [OK]
phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 407 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 92
mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 90
centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link… 59 [OK]
databack/mysql-backup Back up mysql databases to... anywhere! 54
prom/mysqld-exporter 46 [OK]
deitch/mysql-backup REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r… 41 [OK]
tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database se… 35
linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe… 34
schickling/mysql-backup-s3 Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup… 31 [OK]
mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing be… 23
centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 21
arey/mysql-client Run a MySQL client from a docker container 20 [OK]
fradelg/mysql-cron-backup MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas… 18 [OK]
openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image… 6
ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL 3 [OK]
devilbox/mysql Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici… 3
idoall/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 3 [OK]
centos/mysql-80-centos7 MySQL 8.0 SQL database server 2
jelastic/mysql An image of the MySQL database server mainta… 2
widdpim/mysql-client Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl… 1 [OK]
2、拉取 MySQL 镜像
这里我们拉取官方的最新版本的镜像：
[root@Base ~]# docker pull mysql:latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
3、查看本地镜像
使用以下命令来查看是否已安装了 mysql：
[root@Base ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest 3218b38490ce 6 days ago 516MB
ubuntu latest ba6acccedd29 2 months ago 72.8MB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 3 months ago 13.3kB
4、运行容器
安装完成后，我们可以使用以下命令来运行 mysql 容器：
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
docker run -itd --name mysql-test \
-p 3306:3306 \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
-v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
--restart=always \
mysql
参数说明：
- -p 3306:3306 ：映射容器服务的 3306 端口到宿主机的 3306 端口，外部主机可以直接通过 宿主机ip:3306 访问到 MySQL 的服务。
- -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：设置 MySQL 服务 root 用户的密码。
- -v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql：设置本地数据目录和容器中的数据目录绑定
5、安装成功
通过 docker ps 命令查看是否安装成功：
[root@Base ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ebff285ff733 mysql "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql-test
通过exec使用MySQL容器：
[root@Base ~]# docker exec -it mysql-test bash
root@5fe9d68ae468:/# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 8.0.27 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Connection id: 8
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8mb4
Db characterset: utf8mb4
Client characterset: latin1
Conn. characterset: latin1
UNIX socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Binary data as: Hexadecimal
Uptime: 34 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 5 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 117 Flush tables: 3 Open tables: 36 Queries per second avg: 0.147
--------------
案例2 Docker安装WordPress
mysql 中创建wp1库
mysql> create database wp1 charset utf8mb4;
docker run -itd --name wodpress1 \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_HOST=192.168.8.101:3306 \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=root \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=123456 \
-e WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=wp1 \
-p 8086:80 \
--restart=always \
wordpress
案例三 Docker 安装nginx
# 创建本地目录用于映射nginx容器
mkdir -p /data/nginx/conf
cat > /data/nginx/conf/default.conf << EOF
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
proxy_pass http://192.168.8.101:8086;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
EOF
# 搜索镜像
docker search nginx
# 下载镜像
docker pull nginx
# 查看镜像
docker images
# 启动镜像
docker run -itd --name nginx01 \
-p 80:80 \
-v /data/nginx/conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
--restart=always \
nginx
# 查看容器
docker ps
# 本机自测
curl localhost
浏览器访问http://192.168.8.101